မိꨀတꨣဝꨓ္ꨲ တီꨳပုတ္ꨵထꨅဝ္ꨳ ေꨟꨣးၾတꨣးꨟူဝ္ပိုင္း ထမ္မꨅꨀ်ꨣꨲ

        migdv,wnr, amr,nnr sv,Rndr.no. mI:himr:wqcr:bv,Rn sI,es y/nrgowqcr: bv,RnsI, 13 gI,lUwr,mI,tKwr, no.ywr.> smr. gobudr.tgyv, 250 gI,lUwr,mI,tKwr,yU,ywr.> smr.y/nrgo wqcr:sv, wdr.ti 221 gI,lUwr,mI, tKwr,wo.yU,ywr.>

               Cpv:bqnrjwr;hwr:no. wo/:esmnr:jwr; hUbr.hnrlo;lQcr: tmr: dI;budr.tgyv,ywr. jwr;dQbr:ddr:jTwv;  edmv:ehv: tmr:bnr kU:wv:mnr:jwr;El; jumr:bnr,jwgr.gI,kwr dI;lUcrdJcr migdv, dv,bUnr.lzdr;smr,sRv, jzmr:ncr,mnr:jwr; lo;lQcr: tmr:mv: nnr.noywr.> aznrd/cr:sudr:Ed.  a/cr;edmv:ehv: bnr kU:wv:mnr:szcrjwr; anrbqnrav,lv,R gv,lv,mEl; audg Rv,mbudr.d aznrd/cr:noyU,> wo/:eslo;hU.wv; kU:wv:mnr:jwr; dcr:szcr sqcr;munrgfv,ywr.nonnr. mnr:jwr;jcr,dQbr:ddr:wv; edmv:ehv:bnr jumr:bnr,jwgr.gI,kwr anrdJgr.swr:yU, dI;nT: tKnr,migdv,nnr.ywr.> (winybidg-jUlwgrg bvli)

             jumr:jwr;bnr,jwgr.gI,kwrno. mKwr;aznrd/cr: pzcr:mKwr; Cpv:bqnrjwr;dJwr:gmr dugr.gRjRiyv,yU, dI;nT:tKnr, auluew, Rnnr. kwraznrgnr mv:lumr:lv:mnr:jwr;yU,> gUYr:gv; wo/:es kwrhnrmnr:jwr; kJnr:hbr.kwr;bqnr:(szmr:) gUnr:dcr:lo/nnr. yznr.kwrhnrtJcrwv; @mnr:jwr;amr,jzmr: lzgr:lo/:dJwr:gmrywr.< kJnr:hvsqnr;d/cr: lzcr;gv,msKwr:mUnr;ywr.< kJnr:ginrkwr;bqnr: ywr.<  ebv:jKcr.nnr edamr,bqnrCpv:lo;ywr.# nonnr. kwr jwr;bo/;bQdr;mnr:jwr;es gfv,yU,nT:tKnr, dI;sUnrsKwr:migdv, dI;bv,RnsI,nnr.ywr.> yznr.nnrEl; munrsQcrkmr:budr.t jwr; jcr,dQbr:ddr:jTjwr;es mv:jU:kwrjwr;dI;nnr;yU,> mKwr; mnr:jwr;mv:jU:kwres kwrlo;hnrCpv:bqnrjwr;nnr. kwrycr: dQbr:ddr:jTwv; edamr,dUcr.dgr.mnr:jwr;< edamr,hbr. dznr;mnr:jwr; nolTgznr,yU,> gUYr:gv; mKwr;budr.tjwr; Wdr; mv:himr:kwrnnr.Ed. yznr.bKwr;h/cr;p/crjwr; lQgr;lo/;mv:< jJnr; sTmv:lKwrgwr,Ed.Ed.El; dUnrnJcr;ywr.dUnrnJcr; aznrgnr lugr.es bT.dUcr.dgr.hbr.Wcr:mnr:jwr;yU,>

               wv;nnresd aznrd/cr:sudr: kwrjwr;ycr:amr,yumr, lzcr;wv;mnr:jwr; hU.hnrlQcr:tmr:es bqnrCpv:mv:ywr.nonnr. gznr,> wo/:esnnr. Cpv:bqnrjwr;jcr,wv; hcr:kwr @anrgwrjwr; l/dr;mKwr;lqwrno. mKwr;aznrd/cr: jzcr,gwrjwr; y/mr;l/dr;EnsU jwr;mv:esbzgr;hJwr#noyU,> y/mr:nnr kwrjwr;jcr,wv; @amr, dznr.l/dr;dI;kv;# noyU,> wo/:nnr. kwrjwr;jcr,wv; @edtzmr, awrtmr: mnr:jwr;yU,# noyU,> (mjrjimnigvy bbr.nJcr;< nv; 172)   yznr.nnr budr.tkmr:Cpv:bqnrjwr; jcr,ehv:tmr:anr Wcr.jJwr;wv; @tmr,mjgr.g bwdrdnsudr;# tmr:tmr,mj/gr; bnr,wJnr:nonnr. hcr:kwrjwr;yU,> dI;jwr;ehv:tmr: tmr,mjgr.gbwdrdnsudr;no. bqnrdI;gzcr:mU: tmr,mRv,ji gnnr.no ywr.> wo/:esnnr. jwr;jcr,kJnr:ehv:tQcr; tmr:anrWcr.wv; @andr.d lgrknsudr;# nonnr.es dI;ehv:tmr:hUwrno. smr.bqnrdI; gzcr:mU:tmr,em,knnr. lo;hU.ncr,noyU,ywr.>  mKwr; ehv:tmr,mjgr.g bwdrdnsudr;nnr. pU;hU.hnrlQcr:tmr: mI:jwr;gznr:dYr,Y dUnrlqwr gUYr:noesd y/mr:mKwr;mnr:jwr; ehv:tQcr; tmr:andr.d lgr.knsudr;nnr. kwrjwr;hU.hnr lQcr:tmr:gfv, dcr:hvdUnrnoywr.> yznr.nnrEl; dI;sUnrsKwr: migdv,no. bqnrdI;budr.t jwr;ehv:tmr: gmr:aznrd/cr:bKnr; sudr:sudr:noyU,> himr:Wmr:dI;no; dI;anrlImo/lIdzcr:mnr: mI: wo.dcr:nmryU,>        

1.            lgr:swrhinraesv:g (Asoka’s Pillar)           

         swrhinraesv:gno. d/cr:sucrmnr: mI: 12 mI,tKwr,< nKwr jigr:mnr:nnr. hqdr:wo.hunr,h/cr;s/cr,sI;< hUwrs/cr,sI;nnr. y/mr:lqwr mI:nT:hUcr:kzcrmznr- Archaeological museum anrmI:dI; sv,Rndr.noywr.> jzmr:swrhinrnnr. dQmr;wo.wv; @@pTedamr, lo;yv. scr,kkwrjwr;< pTlTesamr,wv; jqmrmunrjwr;< no/:k/wr scrwv;lo;yv.mQnr; scr,kjwr;ebv:nojJcr edlo;nucr;kUwr:k/wr es gfv,yU,d/cr,dI;> ekv;bUcranrno. edlo;bJnrk/wr, nT:scr,k El; no/:k/wrH;hU.gU;jwr;> egv.pIhgr.l/dr;wv; @H;awrpJnrekv; bUcrno. hqdr:pJnrmKnres gfv,bJnrjzmr:wdr. nT:tKnr,< smr.sJbr, awrligr;anrno. bJnrbv:nKwrgUnr:hKnr:kwr> ebv:wnr:sinr yznr.gUnr:hKnr:kwrmv:wdr.El; kwredlo;hU.ligr;no.gfv,> wnr: sinrgU;wnr: pzcr:mKcr:kwr edlo;gfv,wdr. ncr,hJwredlo;ligr; nnr.es hU.dI;bzcr,mnr:lIlI> mKwr;lTesamr,wv; y/mr:mKwr; ddr:sinr edlo;l/dr;Enbv:lzcr;no.> pU;mI:bunr;pznr:kwr gU; ej;wqcr:< gU;aKcr, edlo;sJbr,bJnrazgr,## noyU,>

         ligr;ekv;bUcrno. kunrehvkmr:aesv:g lQbr;bJnrazgr, wo/: b/crgumrlUcr mhv,scr,k(scr,gvynv,) scr,kbzgr;gmr:s/mr> mKwr; pzcr:hqdr:b/crgumr mhv,scr,k bzgr;gmr:s/mrnnr. scrkbzmrkwr lo; k/mr,ehv;bQdr; nT:sv,snv,dcr:nmr> ekv;bUcranrno. smr.lo;hnrtQcr; dI;swrhinr anrmI:dI;s/nr,kLI,nnr. tQcr;noywr.>

2.           wdr.mU,lgnr,tgudI, (Mulagandhakuti)

    wdr.mU,lgnr,tgudI,no. mI:d/cr:Wcr,gzcr:mU:gwr, tmr,m Rv,jignnr.es bqnrwdr.anrbudr.tjwr; yU,swr:mKwr;mnr: jwr; yU,swr:dI;sv,Rndr. amr,nnr migdv,wnr,nnr.ywr.> gUnr:lU,d/nr:mnr: bqnrset:nnr,diy egv.anrrh/cr;ehv mnr: pudr:mv:nT:mKcr:pI jqmrmKwr;mnr:bo,do/nnr.noywr.> wdr. no. nT:g/crmnr: mI:bnr,l/cr,wo.anrnJcr;< smr.bqnrwdr. anr Cpv:bqnrjwr; awrwv,svaznrd/cr:bKnr;sudr:sudr:< smr.bqnrdI; anrbudr.tjwr; ehv:Cdv:bnrjo/:ysr.s aigr,do:egv.mnr: 54 egv. dUgr:bqnraRhnr, (Rh/nr:dv,) gfv,nnr.yU,> 

  wdr.lcrno. wo/:esa/nr,hUwrb/gr,bImnr:ywr. bqnrwdr. anrkf/gr;yT, lKwrgwr,mv:Ed.Ed.noyU,> mKwr;pzcr: hU:winr:sQcr (Huien Tsang) (gUnr:j/wr:ek,) mv,El,tJcrsv,ndr. mKwr; 7 ea,DI, (7^th century A.D)nnr. mnr:ycr:dQmr;wo.wv;- @@nT:w/cr: hUwr.lUcrnnr. mI:wdr.lUcr anrsucrszcrb/gr,tdr:wo.> anrmucr: mnr: mKnrh/cr;hUYr,m/gr,mUcr;wo.< bJnr.mnr:< kUwrlo;mnr:smr. awr kQbr:m/gr,hinrhqdr:wo.lo/lo/> anrbqnrpvmnr:El; d/cr,jKwr.d/cr, bKcrEd. awraudr,hqdr:wo.noywr.> jzmr:pvmnr:sI,nv;nnr. smr.hqdr:wo.hunr,h/cr; budr.tjwr;wo.noyU,> nT:g/crwdr.lUcr nnr. smr.mI:hunr,h/cr;budr.tjwr; anrawrdzcr:elv,wo.< h/cr; nnr. bqnrh/cr;anrmnr: jwr;dJgr.ehv:tmr,mj/gr;yU,## no ywr.>  

     lKwresnnr. jzmr:gzcr:mU:aznr, anrmI:d/cr:dUgr: mU,l gnr,tgudI,nnr. lo;hnrj/gr,aznr,j/gr,aidr: anrdQmr;wo. lKcr;tmr,mjgr.g bwdr.dnsudr;wo.noywr.> dQmr;wo. p/o,bv,li es mI:dI;bzcr,wv; @scr,kjwr;dcr:lo/aKYr.! mI:sjr.jv,sI,bKcr anrwv;- lzcr;k/nrjTEd.< lzcr;d/cr:dv,edlo; lzcr;k/nrjT Ed.< lzcr;k/nrjTmzdr,wzdr;Ed.< sqnr;d/cr: dv,edWdr;tJcr dI;k/nrjT mzdr,wzdr;Ed.nnr.aKwr;# noywr.> ligr;no. lQbr; dQmr;wo.mKwr;b/nr s/mrea,DI, (3^rd century A.D) nnr.noyU,> dUwrligr;jKwr:no. y/mr:lqwr gfv,mI:nT:hUcr:kzcrmznrnnr.noywr.>  

3.           hUwr.aesv:g (Asoka’s Railing)

 d/cr:j/nr:wdr. mU,lgnr,tgudI,nnr. mI:hUwr.anr kunrehvkmr: aesv:glzmr.wo.> anrmnr:lzmr.wo.nnr. bqnrWo:tI: gwr, gzcr:mU:tmr,mRv,jignoywr.> hunr,h/cr;tI:no. awrm/gr,hinr (b/nremvRy/nr-Mauryan)nnr.hqdr:wo.noywr.> Wo:dUcr,anr mI:wo. nT:w/cr:hUwr.nnr. smr.l/mr:wv; lQbr;bqnrWo:dUcr,subr: jigr: gzcr:mU: tmr,mRv,jignoywr.>

4.           gzcr:mU:tmr,mRv,jig (Dharmmarajika Stupa)

  gzcr:mU:tmr,mRvjig mI:himr:lgr:swrhinr aesv:g< anr hqdr:dI;mo/dzcr: dI;Cpv:bqnrjwr; ehv:tmr:tmr,mj/gr; gmr:aznr d/cr:sudr: bnrjwr;bYr,jwgrgI,kwrnoywr.> mKwr;ehv:tmr: tmr, tj/gr;nnr. nT:bYr,jwgr.gI,hv;jwr; jwr;gznr:dYr,Y hU. hnrlQcr:tmr:gfv,> gzcr:mU:no. mKwr;b/nrhU:winr:sQcr mv:El,nnr. Ed. lo;hnrdcr:sucr mI: 30 mI,tKwr,bo/bo/noywr.> mKwr;y/mr:nnrr Ed. gzcr:mU:no. tI:mnr:lQbr;edsucres gzcr:mU:tmr,em,kgznr, noywr.> y/mr:lqwrEd. edv.Ed.gJdr:Wo:mnr: wo.lo/lo/gUYr:> mKwr; y/mr:jumr:j/wr:budr.kwr kJnr:kudr:szgr;hv kzcrgwr,j/wr:budr. y/mr: nnr. dI;nnr; kwrycr:kudr:Yv: aubr:t/dr;gQwr;El; hunr,h/cr; Cpv:bqnrjwr;lTnoyU,> aubr:lubr,t/dr;gQwr;nnr. gfv,mI:dI;lT amr,hU.noesd dKgr;m/gr,hinranrsT,wo. aubr:lubr,t/dr;gQwr; nnr. y/mr:lqwr gfv,mI:nT:hUcr:kzcrmznr dI;wqcr:glgdr.dv: bunr. noywr.>

     mKwr;y/mr:kicr:k/nr,nicr,gmr, kJnr:kudr:nnr.Ed. dI; nnr;mnr:ycr:kudr:lo; hunr,h/cr;budr.tjwr; anrdJgr.ehv: tmr: tmr,mj/gr;El; ligr;aidr:azdr:noywr.> nT:ligr;nnr. mnr:l/dr;En lzcr;kunrehvkmr:bcr,glI,(Bangli) egv.anrtv, bnv,gzcr:mU:El; anrlo;d/nr:lgr:po:anrbKcr: gzcr:mU:El; kKcr; kzcrh/cr;kKcr; jzmr:gzcr:mU:nnr.noywr.>

5.           gzcr:mU:lUcrtmr,em,k (Dharmek Stupa)

  gzcr:mU:lUcrtmr,em,kno.smr. hqdr:wo.dI;mo/dI;dzcr: anrbudr.tjwr;ehv:tmr: andr.dlgr.k nsudr; bnrjumr:jwr; bYr,jwgr.gI,kwrnnr.ncr,gwr,> tJcrmKwr;ehv:tmr:hUwrno. jwr;bYr,jwgr.gI,kwr dcr:hv;jwr; dUgr:bqnraRhnr, hU.hnrlQcr: tmr:gfv,mUdr:> gzcr:mU:no. d/cr:gf/cr:mnr: mI: 28 mI,tKwr, no.es d/cr:sucr:mnr:smr. edmI:mzgr; 33 mI,tKwr,no.noywr.>

       anrEd,kudr:kJnr:es Em:lumr:lv:kJnr:Ed. kicr:k/nr, nicr,gmr, (Cunningham) Ed,kudr:mKwr;bI 1834 bunr.< lo;jT. dv,k/wr:y/mr:s/mrbI> mKwr;y/mr:nnr mnr:lo;hnrwv; gzcr:mU:no. Ed,awrcwr;edv,bo/ edmI:mzgr; 10 mI,tKwr,no. awrm/gr,hinregv,wo. lo/lo/noyU,ywr.> gzcr:mU:no. aznrd/cr:sudr: Ed,egv, s/cr;mv: jqmrmKwr;b/nremv,Ry/nr: (Mauryan)bunr.noywr.> 

   

6.           wdr.aQbr.sI,dv:lr (Apsidal Temple)

        d/cr:dUgr: lgr:swrhinraesv:gsJwr;sJwr;nnr. smr.mI: wo. Wo:wdr.aQbr.sI,dv:lrnonnr.ywr.> wdr.no. egv,s/cr;mv: mKwr;b/nremv:ly/nr:bunr.noywr.> wdr.lcrno. mKwr;y/mr:nnr. edv,nv;gnr dcr: lgr:swrhinraesv:gwo.noywr.> wdr.lcrno. lzcr;wv;mnr:bqnr kunrehvkmr:b/nrnnr. egv.egv, s/cr;mv:anrwv; nnr. amr,mI:lzcr;t/cr,tKmraI;scrnoyU,> wdr.no. smr.mI:bv: Wcr;svlv: anrgf/cr;y/wr:lUcrwo.es jzmr:k/cr;mnr:nnr. smr.mI: sqnr;d/cr:lqbr;wo.> anrmucr:mnr: y/mr:nnr mKnrh/cr;gzcrbudr: wo.noywr.> dI;sudr: Wcr;svlv:y/wr:lUcrnnr. yznr.mnr:mI:Wo: cKbr,wo.El; dI;nnr; Ek:edpcrlgr:swrhinr tmr,mj/gr;wo.no yU,> mKwr;pzcr: kJnr:kudr:Wo:wdr.gwr, mKwr;bI 1904 nnr. ycr:kudr: hnrmQnr; h/cr;j/gr,kQgr: anrl/gr,lo/:wo.anrnJcr;> hunr,h/cr; nnr. awrm/gr,hinrkQgr:hqdr:wo. nT:h/cr;nnr. smr.mI:bv:wo. h/cr; gUnr:nT:h/cr;nT:ehv dcr:nmrwo.noywr.> Ek:Ek:edbqnr anr hqdr:wo. h/cr;kunrehvkmr:aesv:g y/mr:mKwr;mnr: mv:wo;Cpv:dI; nnr;nnr.hJwrnoyU,> h/cr;jKwr:nnr. m/cranrycr:dJgr.mI:yU, nT:hUcr:kzcrmznr dI;sv,Rndr.< gmr;pzcr;gfv,mI:dI; hUcr:kzcrmznr j/wr:kKwr: (national museum)  dI;niwr:ed,lI,bunr.noywr.>

7.           t/dr;gQwr; anrpcr,wo. b/nrgubr.d(Gupta)

    po/,j/nr:d/cr:lUcr anrgfv,jU: mU,lgnr,tgudI,nnr. smr.mI:wdr.gwr, dI;pcrwo.t/dr;gQwr;noywr.> y/mr:lqwr awrpv audr,gcr;wo.es awrm/gr,audr,hqdr:cKbr,wo.> h/cr;wdr.no. bqnrsI, jqcr,es bqnrwdr.szcrjnr.> smr.mI:kqcr, lUjJnr; (tower) wo.gU;jqcr,< jqmrhU:pgr:dU hU:lQcr:mnr:egv; h/cr;kKcr;bqnrsI,jqcr,sI, jcr,wo.es h/cr;lIwo.Ed.Ed.noyU,> 

8.           wdr.tmr,mjgr.gRjin (Dhammacakkarajina Temple)

   Wo:wdr.gwr, anrmI:d/cr:Wcr,nnr. bqnrwdr.tmr,mjgr.g Rjinnoywr.> nT:sv,Rndr.no. wdr.no.yT,esbKnr;noyU,> dI;himr:wdr.nnr. smr.mI:wo.ligr;pvhinranrnJcr; anrl/dr;En lzcr;himr:Wmr:wdr.nnr.noyU,> ligr;pvhinrnnr. y/mr:lqwr lo;hU.wv; gfv,mI:nT:hUcr:kzcrmznrbunr.noyU,> wdr.lcrno. l/mr:hnrwv; lQbr;egv,s/cr;mv: nT:b/nrkunrehvkmr: aesv:gnnr.noywr.> hUwr.mnr:po/, d/cr:j/nr:nnr. mI:bqnr 230 mI,tKwr,bo/bo/noyU,> Wo: pgr:dUlUcr wo/,nv;gfv,nv; d/cr:azgr,es dI;jqcr,po/,Wcr,wnr: dUgr:nnr. smr.mI:Wo:tmr; y/wr:lUcrwo.anrnJcr;> yKcr:jU:jKcr. hJwres egv,s/cr;wo.Ed. amr,lo;hU.noyU,> scrwv;bojzmr:hUwr. edlo;hnrmQnr; lgr:swrdzcr;wo.El; h/cr;kQgr:jzmr: pvaudr, anrmI: jzmr:dinrpvjKwr:nnr.yU,noywr.>           

9.           hUcr:kzcrmznr (Archaeological museum)

         hUcr:kzcrmznrno. bqnrdI;gqbr:wo. kzcrgwr,kzcrmznrbo/:mznr:j/wr: budr. anrkJinr:kudr:Yv:dI;sv,Rndr; anrmI:gv;mI:knrjKwr: nnr.ywr.> hUwrs/cr,sI;lgr:swrhinraesv:g anrmI:nT:hUwr. dI;sUnrsKwr: migdv,nnr.egv; kwrsimr:bQcr:wo.dI;no;> hunr,h/cr;no. d/cr:sucrmnr:mI: 2.31 mI,tKwr,no.yU,> lKwres nnr.smr. simr:bQcr:wo. hunr,h/cr;jwr;jo/:sidr.tdr.t bqnrWo:lo/:mJwr:gwr, anrhqdr:wo.mKwr;b/nr gudr.sn(Kusana)nnr.lT> smr.mI:wo. ligr;kQbr:hinrmKwr;gznr, anrlIkwrjTmnr:jKwr:nnr.bv:gznr,> smr.mI:bv: hunr,h/cr;budr.tjwr; anrdJgr.ehv:tmr: tmr,mj/gr; hUwrbJcr: dI;sUnrsKwr:migdv, nnr.lTyU,> hUcr:kzcrmznrno. Ed,bJdr,g/crnT 10 mzcr:edv, 5 mzcr:g/crkmr;es smr.hbr:wnr:sugr:noywr.> 

10.         gzcr:mU:kGgr.knr,di (Chaukhanti)

  ebv:lugr.awrdI; sUnrsKwr:lUcrdJcrno.es gfv,jzmr: sqnr;d/cr:bv,RnsI,nnr. mzgr;gI:lUwr:nJcr; nojJcr edlo;gfv,hnr gzcr:mU:kGgr.knr,di.anrwv;nnr.yU,> gzcr:mU:no. hqdr:dI;mo/dI;dzcr: jumr:bYr,j wgr.gIkwrjwr; bT.hbr.Wcr:munrsQcrkmr:Cpv: bqnrjwr; mKwr;mnr:jwr; lugr.budr.tgyv,es mv:dI;sUnrsKwr: migdv, a/cr;mv:ehv:tmr:bnr kwrjwr;nnr.noywr.> mKwr;aznrd/cr:Ed. wv;edamr,hbr.mnr:jwr; noesd tJcrmunrsQcrkmr: Cpv:bqnrjwr; mv:jmrkwrnnr.Ed. dUnrnJcr;ywr.dUnrnJcr; aznrgnrbT. hbr.Wcr:mnr:jwr;yU,>

11.          wdr.do/;himr:Wmr: sv,Rndr.

 dI;nzgr;hUwr.d/cr:azgr, gzcr:mU:lUcrtmr,em,knnr. mI:wdr.mU,lgnr,tgudI, anrjwr;anv,gv, Rigtmr,mbv,l (mKcr:lcr: ) mv:s/cr;wo. mKwr;bI 1931 nnr.lcrnJcr;> wdr.lcrno. yKcr:jU: hUcr:bidg/dr; es egv,s/cr;wo.> jwr;dv,nmnr:Ed. bqnrmidr.sdKwr, Em,RI,Fzdr.sdKwr, (Mrs Marry foster) mKcr:aem,Rig/nr,yU,ywr.> h/cr;jnrwo.jzmr:pvnnr. bqnrlo/mJwr:bo/:mznr: mKcr:gLb/nr, gUwr,sQdr.sU, nUwr,sU,(Kosetsu Nosu) yU,ywr.> jwr;dv, nh/cr;jnrnnr. bqnrbI,-aQwr, b|znr:tKwr, (B.L Browntor) mKcr: aicr,gl/nr, lo;hU.ncr,noyU,ywr.> mKwr;wnr:bJdr,b/cr wnr:ti 11.11.1931 nnr.Ed. gUnr:j/wr:budr.gU;mKcr:mKcr: aznrgnrkJnr; Wdr;mv: nT:b/crnnr.noywr.> nT:w/cr:nnr. smr.mI:bv:kQbr:pv hinr anrdzgr,wo.bidg/dr; gUnr:j/wr:budr. gU;mKcr:mKcr: mKnrncr, mKcr:to:< mKcr:sIRilcr:gv< mKcr:m/nr;< mKcr:l/wr:< gmr,ebv:dI:yv:jqmr jKwr:no.lTyU,>  

   po/,d/cr:dUgr: gzcr:mU:lUcrtmr,emknnr. smr.mI:wo.wdr. gLqnr:(Jain) anregv,dcr;mv: mKwr;bI 1824 nnr.lcrnJcr;> jzmr: pvwdr.d/cr:nT:nnr. kwrjnrwo.hunr,h/cr; mhv,wI,R pU;aznrhUwr egv,dcr; jumr:gLqnr:kwrwo.dcr:nmr> mhv,wI,Rno. bqnregv.anrkqcr,d dcr:nmr.gdr.j/wr:budr. mKwr;b/nrbudr.t jwr;nnr.mv: egv.nJcr;yU,>

    wdr.ek,kwrsmr. egv,dcr;mv: mKwr;bI 1939 nnr.es gUnr: jzo;cJnr:mnr:Ed. bqnrset:jJwr;sqcryT, nT:mKcr:jicr,gv,bUwr, lo;hU.ncr,noyU,> wdr.m/nr; (bqnrmunrjwr; kKwr:RkQcr,)smr. mI: d/cr:jqcr, Wcr,wnr:dUgr: w/cr:gzcr:mU:migdv,nnr.es egv,dcr;mv: mKwr;hUwrbI 20 ea,DI,no.noywr.> wdr.no.ebv:bI 2008 mv: edtUnr;b/gr,bIes edmI:b/crbzo:kzbr;kUbr,b/gr,bImnr:yU,> wdr.dibQdr. smr.bqnrkzcrjumr:eg, lugr.b (Gelugpa) kwres bUgr:dcr;mv: mKwr; bI 1955 nI;bunr.ywr.> himr:d/cr:lcrwdr.kwrnnr. anrlIkwr; jTmnr: kwrhqdr:wo.gzcr:mU: dI;mo/dzcr: gUnr:jKwr:anrdo/gfv, nT: b/crlugr.pJnr.ek, dI;lv,sv, (Lhasa) bI 1959 nnr.noywr.>

   wdr.gLb/nr,smr. egv,dcr;wo. himr:wdr.dibQdr.nnr.es wdr.to:smr. mI:gfv,himr: hUcr:kzcrmznrnnr.yU,> wdr.to:no. egv,s/cr;mv: mKwr;bI 1971 nnr.es edv,mKwr;lqwr dJgr.hqdr:yU,digr:digr:> po/,d/cr: nzgr;sv,Rndr. mzgr; 3 gI:lUwr:nnr. smr.mI: jnr.jzmrlUcrdibQQdr. anrmI:hUcr:dUYr:ligr;yT,yT, gf/cr;gf/cr;nnr. lcrnJcr;yU,ywr.>

ပုတ္ꨵထꨀယꨣꨲ တီꨳပုတ္ꨵထꨅဝ္ꨳ ပꨱꨓ္ၾꨕꨣး

           budr.tgv,yv,no. mI:nT:ej;dznr;bI,hv,< ej;wqcr:gyv,> ebv:lugr.awrdI;  dv;lUdr.lqnr:gyv,esmv: mI: 12 gI,lUwr,mI, tKwr,> ebv:lugr.awr wqcr:glgdr.dv:mv: mI: 480 gI,lUwr:mI,tKwr, es smr.y/nrgomigdv,wnr, (wqcr:bv,RnsI,) 250 gI,lUwr,mI,tKwr, yU,ywr.> budr.tgyv, amr,nnr bUdr.gyv,(gUnr:mKcr:no.Wcr.) no. bqnrdI;budr.tjwr; hU.hnrlQcr:tmr: lo;sbr.bYr,Yud Y/nr, dI;dT;dUnr;pUwr:Amo.Yzcr, mKwr;bI 563 bI,jI,< mKwr;lKnrhUgr: mUnr:nnr.yU,> mKwr;b/nrtmr,msfv,minr, (Dharmasvamin) mv: aQwr,tJcrdI;no; mKwr; 13 ea,DI,nnr.Ed. dI;no;Wcr.wv; wjiRv, sn (Vajrasana) amr,nnrr bnr,l/cr,hUcr:sQcr (Dianmond Seat) noyU,> gUYr:gv; kunrehvkmr:aesv:gEd. dI;no; mnr:Wcr. wv; smr,ebv:ti(Sambodhi)noyU,> anrjumr:yU,nQdr.sgUwr, (UNESCO) kwrmgr:mnr;wv; @dI;no; bqnrnv;linr kzcrmznrgJgr: lUgr;aKwr;# nonnr.Ed. bqnrmKwr;wnr:ti 27.6. 2002 nnr.mv: gUYr:noyU,>   

                  budr.tjwr;hwr:no. mKwr;av,yumnr:jwr; lo;s/wr:gwr; nnr. mnr:jwr;azgr,bo/;h/cr;ehv< lugr;l/cr:n/cr:em:< ebv;Em; mnr:jo/:es mv:hvdJwr:gmr szgr;hvlQcr:tmr: nT:tKnr,yU,> nT: tKnr,anrmnr:jwr; y/mr;mv:dJwr:gmrEd. bqnrnT:tKnr, jzmr: lzoew,pv,R< lzoew,bunr,l< lzogijr.jgudr.d< lzobnr,dw< lzo aisigiRi anrmI:himr:wqcr:Rv,jgh< m/nr;Wcr.Rv,jgqwr,< gUnr:mKcr: no.Wcr. Rv,jgJwr,noyU,> mKwr;mnr:jwr; mv:dJwr:gmryU,dI;nnr; bigr.smr.kunrehvkmr: bimr,bisv,R nimnr,dn pidr;lwr;mnr: jwr; H;mv:hqdr:kunrkJnr: nT:mKcr:mnr: edjQgr,bnrmKcr:mnr: pzcr;noesd mnr:jwr;amr,hbr.k/mr,es wo.lmr,lzcr; dv,ed szgr;hvhnrlo; lQcr:tmr:nnr.gUYr:> y/mr:mKwr; kunrehvkmr:sJbr, pidr;lwr;tQcr;wv; @ebv:wv;jwr;hwr: hU.hnrlQcr:tmr:ywr. kQnr: edv; mv:ehv:tmr:bnr kv;dgv,kwresgmr:# nonnr. jwr;jcr, bnrgf/mr:mnr;wv; ebv:wv;bqnrCpv:mv:ywr.Ed. edmv:ehv:tmr:bnr kunrehvkmr:yU,noywr.>

                 wo/:esnnr. mnr:jwr;jcr,mv:bJcr;aicr jwr;alv,l gv, lv,mEl; audglv,mbudr.des sznrawrlo/:szgr;hv lQcr:tmr: dI;kwrjwr;> yznr.kU:wv: szcrdUnrno.es mnr:jwr;lo;elv: gI,apiY/nr,gfv,yU,> gUYr:nv, bo,bqnrCpv:mv:lo;> yznr.bKwr; bo, hnrsqnr;d/cr: dv,edbqnrCpv:lo;El; mnr:jwr;jcr,sJbr,k/wr: d/cr:mv: nT:tKnr,auluew,R anrmI:himr: Em;nmr.en,RYr,jRv, nnr.yU,> dI;no;Ed. anrhqdr:egv. lumr:lv:mnr:jwr; bqnr jumr:bYr,jwgrgI,kwrhv;jwr;nnr.yU,> bKcrnJcr;egv; kwrjwr;jKwr: no. yznr.bKwr; lo;cinr:ekv;gf/mr:wv; jwr;jo/:sidr.tdr.tno. edbqnrCpv:mv:< wo/:esbqnrCpv:ywr. yUwredlo;cinr: linr:tmr: mnr:jwr;kJnr:yU, mI:lzcr;mucr;mzcr:ncr,noes jcr,bT.lumr:lv: mnr:jwr;egv;wv;lo;> gUYr:gv; nv;mnr:jwr; edbqnrCpv:mv: mKwr; kwrhnrmnr:jwr; hbr.bqnr:(kwr;szmr:)kJnr:nnr.Ed. yznr. hnrtJcrwv; edamr,bqnrCpv:ywr.noes kwrbo/;bQdr;mnr:jwr; gfv, yU,swr: dI;nT:tKnr,migdv,wnr, mKcr:bv,RnsI,bunr.yU,> 

                 wo/:esnnr. budr.tjwr; sJbr,hbr.awrkwr;bqnr:nmr. nUmr: aigr,bv:gzgr:kmr: anrn/cr:sujv,dv, lugr;yicr:lucr:g/cr. gUnr:mI: w/nr;es,nv,nid/nr:nnr.tQcr;> gzgr:kmr:Ed.  wo/:es hbr.awrywr. jwr;atidr.t/nr, mI:ekv;yKcr:ynr,wv; @scrwv; gwredbqnrCpv:yU,Ed. gzgr:kmr:no. H;mnr:lzcr;kJnr;d/cr:nKwr esgmr:# noesywr. awrtJmr;dUgr:nmr. en,RYr,jRv,gfv,> gzgr: kmr:nnr.egv; bqnrmv:jzmr: ekv;yKcr:ynr,mnr:jwr;Ed.>  sJbr, esnnr. mnr:jwr;jcr,sJbr,hbr.awr yv;pQdr;bQdr,mdr. dI; jo/:sudr.tiynnr.tQcr;> wo/:eshbr.ywr. jwr;awrmv:sKwr, dI; dT;dUnr;pUwr: dI;bnr,l/cr,hUcr:sQcry/mr:lqwr anrmI:d/cr:dUgr: gzcr:mU:lUcr mhv,ebv:tinnr.es sJbr,kdr:jTdJwr:gmrpv,wnv, szgr;hvlQcr:tmr:tQcr;> nv;mnr:jwr; eddJwr:gmrnnr. mnr: jwr;yKcr:ynr,wv; @lubr,kT;p/dr,p/dr,< aqnrkT;k/dr,k/dr,< lKdr;kT;hQcr;hQcr;< ncrkT;hqwr,hqwr, gv;amr,bqnrCpv: gwredamr, lugr.ywr.# noyU,> gUYr:gv; amr,hJcramr,n/nr: yznr.bKwr; d/cr: kdr:jTjKwr:nnr.El; jwr;hU.hnrlQcr:tmr: lo;sbr.bYr,Yud Y/nr,mv: dI;dT;dUnr;pUwr: mKwr;bI 6 bI,jI, (6^th century B.C) nnr.yU,>   

          

1.      gzcr:mU:lUcrmhv,ebv:ti (Mahabodhi Mahavihara)

               gzcr:mU:lUcrmhv,ebv:ti anrlo;hnryU,mKwr;lqwrno. bqnr anrawrso/:hinrhqdr:wo.es y/mr:lqwregv; dJgr.bqnrspv,wso/: hinrnnr.wo.yU,> gzcr:mU:no. bqnrh/cr;sI,jqcr,wo.es  d/cr:sucr mnr:mI: 52 mI,tKwr,< mI: 170 tdr:> d/cr:gf/cr;mnr:mI: 121 mI,tKwr, bnr,mUnr:noyU,ywr.> dI;jzmr:jqcr,k/cr;mnr:nnr. smr.mI:bv: gzcr:mU:aznr, nJcr;jqcr,nJcr;env,wo.es d/cr:mUdr:bv:gzcr: mU:lUcr mI:hv;env,wo.yU,> bJnr.dT; nT:gzcr:mU:nnr. smr.mI:wo. hunr,h/cr; budr.tjwr;dUnrnJcr;es smr.mI:bv: Wcr;wo;Cpv:yT,gf/cr;wo.yU,>  gzcr:mU:lUcrno. kunrehvkmr:aesv:g (edwvnmrbiydisrs) egv, s/cr;mv:wo. jqmrmKwr;bIBI,jI, 3 b/gr, (3^rd century B.C) nnr.no ywr.>  anrbqnrbnr,lcr,hUcr:sQcr wjiRvsn (Vajrasana) no. egv; kunrehvkmr:aesv:g Ed,lumr:lv:egv,s/cr;mv: mKwr;b/nr nnr.ncr,gwr,noyU,ywr.> gzcr:mU:lUcr mhv,ebv:tino. anrkunr ehvkmr: egv,dcr;wo. gzcr:mU:bQdr,mJnr,sI,hqcrnnr. kwr;bv:wo.env, nJcr;noyU,> h/cr;p/crmnr:egv; bqnranrkQmr.lQbr; kJdr:g/br;kJgr. kQmr.wo.Ed.Ed.>

               jzmr:himr:Wmr:mnr:egv; mI:jqmrsdr.dsdr.dv,h< dUnr; mo.pUwr:< sUnrmzgr,El; gzcr:mU:aznr, d/cr:nmrwo.es smr.mI:bv: sqnr;d/cr:gUnr: bnr,lqbr;wo;gzcr:mU:lUcrnnr.bv:>  mI:bv:sUnr mzgr, mI:hUwr.mI:w/cr:wo.es smr.lumr:lv:dv,es,El; ebv:lo;mv: Wdr; nT:w/cr:gzcr:mU:no. jTebv:gI;sKwr: gdr:yqnrlUcrwo.yU,> ebv: Ed,awrlKnrgGdr; (lKnrnUwr,wQmr,bKwr,) gfv,edv,tJcrlKnrsI, lKnrhv; (lKnrm/gr.kLr< ea,b|Kwr,)nnr. gUnr:wo;Cpv:dI;go mKnr ncr,mKcr:to:< mKcr:m/nr;< wQdr.n/mr:< dibQdr.< jicr,gv,bUwr,< Wcr, gzcr,< mKcr:Ek, aigr,lUYr; gUnr:j/wr:budr.mKcr:wnr:dUgr: mKcr:aem, Rig/nr,< mKcr:aicr:gidr:< FR/nr.< dQnr:m/gr.< eav:jed:RI:yv:< gLViwr,mnI,Ed,gfv,jKwr:no. aznrgnrmv:wo;Cpv: ebv:gJnr:lUcrwo. dv,es,yU,>

               gzcr:mU:lUcrno. yznr.gUnr:d/cr,kKwr:es go.lU.lQwrmv: lo/ bzgr;lo/pwr,nv,> mKwr;b/nrkunrehvkmr: sv,scr,gv.(Sasanka) mKwr; bI 600 CE nnr. gzbr;mnr:amr,jT; gUnr:j/wr:budr.El; mnr:mv: yv.bQdr;bzgr;nJcr;> tJcrmKwr; 12 ea,DI, (7^th century A.D) y/mr: j/wr:kKwr:mU,slimr,kwr kwr;mKcr:ainr:dI:yv:mv:nnr. kwrmv:yv. bQdr;tQcr;< bzgr;no. jmrlU.lQwrgfv,mUdr:noywr.> gUYr:gv; tJcrmv: mKwr; 7 ea,DI, (7^th century A.D) nnr. kunrehvkmr:bv,l bcr,g lv, y/mr;mv:lumr:lv:kJnr: bzgr;nJcr;> wo/:esnnr. aicrnKwrgUnr: j/wr:budr. anrmI:ej,dnv, dI;jmrdI;gojKwr:nnr.es kJnr: Em:egv,gumr: mv:kJnr:tQcr;noywr.> mKwr;bI 1874 nnr. aicrnKwr anrlo;ekv;kf/cr: lUcrbzcrjJcr;mKcr:ainr:dI:yv:es kunrehvkmr: minr:dUcr: mKcr:m/nr; mv:Em:lumr:lv:kJnr: tQcr;bzgr;nJcr;> gUYr:gv; anrywr.gfv,lIlIEd. bqnrmKwr;bI 1884 nT:b/nralQgr.jnr: DKwr: k/nr,nicr,gmr,El; bQgr.glv,nnr.noywr.> tJcrmKwr; 1891 nnr. anv,gv,Rig tmr,mbv,l mv:kzdr,pzdr; mU,jumr:mhv,ebv: tisUwr,so.tI, (Mahabodhi Society)es kdr:jThimrawrkJnr: gzcr:mU:mhv,ebvti dI;nT:mJwr:munrjwr; j/wr:kKwr:hinr,dU,kwr H;bqnr kJnr: kzcrj/wr:budr.> tJcrmv: mKwr;wnr:ti 23.5.1953 nnr. gzcr: mU:lUcrmhv,ebv:ti jcr,dUgr:mv:kJnr: nT:mJwr:anv,gv,Rig tmr,m bv,Res bqnrkJnr:kzcrj/wr:budr.lIlInoywr.>         

     

      2.      hunr,h/cr:Cpv:bqnrjwr; nT:gzcr:mU: (The Buddha Image)

               hunr,h/cr;budr.tjwr; anrtv,bnv,wo. nT:gzcr:mU:nnr. mKwr;b/nrkunr ehvkmr:aesv:gnnr.egv; ncr,hJwrgUnr:dcr:lo/ ebv:lo;gKwr:lInnr. mnr:y/mr;egv,s/cr;mv:wo.yU,> gUUYr:gv; tJcr mKwr;b/nrbI 2 ea,DI,nnr. hunr,h/crCpv:anrmnr:tv,bnv,wo. nnr. lU.lQwrgfv,d/cr:nmr> wo/:esnnr. b/nrsJbr,b/nrsJbr, aznrgnrkdr:jTlumr:lv:mv: lo/bzgr;lo/pwr,Ed.Ed.> hunr,h/cr; budr.tjwr; anrlo;hnryU, y/mr:lqwrno.Ed. tJcrmv:mKwr; 7 ea,DI, (7^th century A.D) b/nrgubr.d (Kupta)nnr.  jcr,gzo; ywr.dUwr;gfv, lIlIc/mr:c/mr:noywr.> hunr,h/cr;Cpv:bqnrjwr;no. d/cr:sucrmnr:mI: szcrmI,tKwr,bo/wo.es smr.awrm/gr,hinrlmrkQgr: hqdr:wo.noywr.>              

      3.     dUnr;mo.pUwr:A mo.Yzcr,ebv:ti (The Bodhi Tree)

               dUnr;mo.pUwr:no. bqnrdI;anrCpv:bqnrjwr;hwr: mv:ncr; pv,wnv, dT;mnr:esEl; hU.hnrlQcr:tmr: lo;sbr.bYr,Yud Y/nr,gfv, mKwr;bImKcr: hUgr:bI,jI, (6^th century B.C) nnr.yU,ywr.> dUnr;mo.no. mI:jbr:wo. d/cr:dUgr:gzcr:mU:lUcr mhv,ebv:tinnr.yU, ywr.> dUnr;mo. anrlo;hnryU,y/mr:lqwrno. bqnrdUnr;anr kJnr:pugr,wo. mKwr;nT:bI 19 ea,DI, (19^th century A.D)no.gUYr:no yU,>  mKwr;bUnr.mv: anrbqnrdUnr;cwr;mnr:nnr.Ed. kunrehv kmr:aesv:gno. mKwr;mnr:bo, bqnrj/wr:budr.nnr. mnr:y/mr;mv: yv.bQdr;lUgznr,> wo/:es mnr:bqnrj/wr:budr.mv:ywr. yznr.mnr: go.mv:lumr:lv: dUnr;mo.pUwr:no.El; n/cr:jumr;mnr: n/cr:disrs Rgr.kid amr,tugr,jTes jT.bKnr;mv:yv.bQdr;tQcr;noyU,> wo/:es nnr. kunrehvkmr:aesv:g smr.awrnmr.nUmr:wUwr: mzgr;b/gr,dUwr mv:hUdr:bnr ncr,hJwrmnr:edamr,do/noyU,> 

               mKwr;pzcr:mnr:kdr:jThqdr:g/nr bJnrEp;sv,snv,yU, nnr. mnr:ycr:jT.lugr;yicr:mnr: n/cr:pigr.kU,nI, scr,kmidr. dv, awrgicr,mo.pUwr:po/,kfv anrmI:nT:wqcr: anu|udr.tbU,R mKcr: sI,Rilcr:gvnnr. mv:pugr,kJnr:dI;no;noyU,> dUnr;mo.pUwr: anr mI:dI;sI,Rilcr:gv anrjwr;n/cr:scr,kmidr.dv, awrdI;mhv,ebv: ti mKcr:ainr:yv: gfv,pugr,wo.nnr. ycr:dJgr.mI:yU, edv,mKwr;lqwr> mKwr;b/nrkunrehvkmr: sv,scr,g mKwr;bI 600 CE nnr. gzbr;bKwr; mnr:bqnrkunr amr,nbr.ymrj/wr:budr.El; mnr:jT.gUnr:mnr: mv:bzmr;bQdr; dUnr;mo.pUwr:tQcr;es kudr:bQdr;bv:h/gr;mnr:< ywr. egv; ncr,hJwrmnr: edamr,azgr,lo;kJnr:nnr. smr.awrnmr.azo; mv:hUdr:sT,tQcr;>  mKwr;b/nrkunrehvkmr: bU,Rnwv,Rmr,mnnr. gzbr; bKwr;mnr:bqnr pU;nbr.ymrj/wr:budr.El; ncr,hJwrmnr:edenv, azgr,mv:kJnr: mnr:awrnmr.nUmr:wUwr:hqcrdUwr mv:hUdr:kJnr:> mKwr; h/gr;mnr: env,hunr;mv:kJnr: sucrmzgr; 10 tdr:nnr. ncr,hJwr bKnr;ed amr,mv:yv.gwr:lo; mnr:jcr,lzmr.hUwr.audr, sucrmzgr; 24 tdr:wo.noywr.> dUnr;anrpugr,kJnr:gmr:no. l/mr:wv;mnr:lQbr; bqnr dUnr;anrkJnr:pugr, gmr:tUnr;hv;noywr.> egv.pugr,mnr: bqnrjwr;bo/:mznr:lUcr mKcr:aicr:gidr. kicr:k/nr,nicr,gmr, (Cunning- ham) kJnr:pugr,wo. dI;gwr,mnr: mKwr;kJnr:kUnr.kfv. dI;mhv,ebv:ti mKwr;bI 1880 nnr.noyU,>  

     

      4.      sdr.dsdr.dv,h   

               Cpv:bqnrjwr;hwr:no. wo/:esmnr:jwr; bqnrCpv:mv:ywr. Ed,awrmKwr; lKnrhUgr:lzcr;nJcr;kmr; edv,lKnrbQdr,mT,sI,kmr; nnr. mnr:jwr;j/mr,bUYr; d/cr:gdr:yqnr dI;sdr.dsdr. dv,hjqdr:dI; nJcr;dI;nnr. dv,jqdr:wnr:es d/cr:mUdr:bqnr gfv, sI,sibr:gwr;wnr:dqmrdqmryU,ywr.> sdr.dsdr.dv,hjKwr: no. mI:nT:w/cr:gzcr:mU:lUcr mhv,ebv:tiy/mr:lqwrno.mUdr:mUdr:yU,>

(g)       bnr,lcr,gsdr.dv,h (sdr.dv,h dI;nJcr;)

               bnr,lcr.gsdr.dv,hno. mI:d/cr:dUgr:gzcr:mU:lUcr mhv, ebv:ti dT;dUnr;mo.pUwr:A  mo.Yzcr,nnr.ywr.> bnr,l/cr,hUcr:sQcr no. Wcr.wv;wjiRv,sn (Vajrasana)noes bqnrdI;anrCpv: bqnrjwr;hwr: mv:ncr;dT;mnr:esEl; hU.hnrlQcr:tmr: lo;sbr. bYr,YudY/nr,gfv,nnr.ywr.> wo/:esbqnrCpv:mv:ywr. yznr.bKwr; jUmr:sKwr:nv,El; mnr:jwr;yU,nKwr bnr,lcr,hUcr:sQcrno.es awrjTlzdr;gv,tv, @aengjvdi smrsvRmr# nnr.gfv,  jzmr: ncr,Cpv:bqnrjwr;kwr gU;dUnrdUnraznrlzdr;gfv,nnr.yU,> y/mr: mKwr;j/mr,bUYr; plsmv,bdr; jqdr:wnr:nnr. mnr:jwr;yU, nKwrbnr,lcr,no.es awrlo/:anuelvm (Ed,cwr;edv,bo/) bdi elvm (Ed,bo/edv,cwr;) wUnr.ko; bdijrjsmubrbvd anrbqnr @awijrjv bjrjyv scrkvRv# Ed,gfv,jKwr:nnr.yU,ywr.> wo/: eswUnr.ko; bdijrjsmubrbvdywr. gmr:lJnr:sudr: jcr,awr gv,tv, @ydv hew bvduupwnrdi tmrmv# no.es lzdr;azgr,sUbr: kJnr:lUbr:lcrgfv,yU,ywr.>

         (k)    animis sdr.dv,h (sdr.dv,h tUnr;szcr)

               animis sdr.dv,hno. mI:d/cr:jqcr,Wcr,wnr:azgr, gzcr: mU:lUcrmhv,ebvti mzgr; 14 szgr,nnr.yU,> dI;no;egv; yznr.bKwr; mnr:jwr;jUmr:sKwr: anrlo;bqnrCpv:mv:nnr.nv,El; dv,jqdr: wnr: jwr;amr,k/mr,pQbr.dves lUyqmr;dUYr:kJnr: dUnr:mo.pUwr: El; bnr,lcr,mnr:jwr; dI;anrmnr:jwr; bqnrCpv:mv:yznr. mnr:nnr.yU,>

        

         (c)    jcr,gmsdr.dv,h (sdr.dv,h tUnr;s/mr)

               jcr,gmsdr.dv,hno. bqnrdI;anrCpv:bqnrjwr;hwr: bo po/;pv,wnv, gfv,gfv,mv:mv: dv,jqdr:wnr:nnr.ywr.> jcr,gm sdr.dv,hno. mI:d/cr:Wcr,gzcr:mU:lUcr mhv,ebv:tinnr.es smr. mI:nT:Eg; animissdr.dv,hEl; bnr,lcr,gsdr.dv,h nnr.yU,>

       

         (j)   Rdnv,kRsdr.dv,h (sdr.dv,h tUnr;sI,)

               Rdnv,kRsdr.dv,hno. mI:d/cr:jqcr,Wcr,wnr:dUgr: gzcr: mU:lUcr mhv,ebv:ti> dI;no;egv; mnr:jwr;ncr;j/mr,bUYr; mUnr; sKwr:lUYr;plsmv,bdr; dv,jqdr:wnr:es awrY/nr,jwr; wUnr.ko;jTlUYr; apitmr,mv,jqdr:bKcrjKwr:nnr.gfv,yU,> y/mr: mKwr;mnr:jwr; wUnr.ko;jTlUYr; lzcr;btv,nbv,li bbr.lJnr: sudr:nnr. anrbqnraUao/so/cwr:jwr;hwr: m/br;mibr;hKwr;mv: jzmr: dUwrmnr:jwr; ebv:lQcr:lUcrgfv,sqcr;noyU,>

         (s)   ajbv,lsdr.dv,h (sdr.dv,h tUnr;hv;)

               ajbv,lsdr.dv,hno. mI:d/cr:azgr,gzcr:mU:lUcr mhv, ebvtinnr.sJwr;sJwr;yU,ywr.> ajbv,l dI;dUnr;pUwr:no.egv; mnr:jwr;wUnr.ko;lUYr; tmr,mjwr;es mUnr;sKwr:lUYr; pls mv,bdr;gfv, dv,jqdr:wnr:lumr:lumr:>

         (Y)   mujlinr,dsdr.dv,h (sdr.dv,h tUnr;hUgr:)

               mujlinr,dsdr.dv,hno. mI:jqcr,j/nr:wnr:azgr, gzcr: mU:lUcrmhv,ebv:ti dI;nmr.nzcrmujlinr,dv,nnr.ywr.> dI;no; egv; mnr:jwr;j/mr,bUYr;lUYr; plsmv,bdr;gfv, dv,jqdr:wnr: dqmrdqmr> y/mr:mKwr;mnr:jwr; mUnr;sKwr:lUYr; plsmv,bdr;yU, nnr. yznr.pUnrlUcrlUmr:lUcr dUgr:mv:hQcr:nv,El; y/mr:nnr. kunrngv:mujlinr,dv, jcr,mv:awrdUwrmnr: kUdr:kUYr,jqdr:Wbr; es Eh.wo.pUnrlUmr:> nKwrhUwrmunrkmr:jwr;nnr. smr.gI;cKbr, g/cr:mnr:es Eh.gcr;bnrpUnrlUmr: dI;Cpv:bqnrjwr;noywr.>

      (d)   Rv,jv,Rdnsdr.dv,h (sdr.dv,h tUnr;jqdr:)

               Rv,jv,Rdnsdr.dv,hno. mI:d/cr:j/nr:gzcr:mU:lUcr mhv, ebvti dI;anrmI: dUnr;mo.l/cr:lznr:nnr.noywr.> dI;no;egv; mnr:jwr;sKwr:mUnr;jzmr: plsmv,bdr;gfv, dv,jqdr:wnr:> mKwr; wnr:lJnr:sudr: mKwr;tUnr; 49 wnr:nnr. mnr:jwr;hbr.awr d/cr:d/nr:kwr;munr:nmr.pJcr; dI;jo/:dbusr.sEl;pnr,lig kvbI;nzcr.nnr.yU,> kvbI;nzcr.no. yumr,ymrwv; kvbqnrgUnr:mKcr: m/nr; lugr.mKcr:m/nr;esmv:noywr.> Cpv:bqnrjwr;smr. kJnr:awr pUmrhUwrmnr:jwr;bQdr,sqnr; kJnr:dznr;kvbI;nzcr. H;lo;mKwr:gKwr:lI dI;w/nr;gwr,mKcr:lcrkwrnoywr.> pUmrhUwrbudr.tjwr; bQdr,sqnr; nnr. y/mr:lqwr aznrgnryumrymrwv; kvbI;nzcr. awrmKwr:tv,bnv, wo. nT:gzcr:mU:lUcr sUYr,dgucr, anrmI:nT:wqcr:dv;gucr; y/mr:lqwr nnr.noywr.> mKwr;y/mr:nnr yznr.scr,kjwr;bo,mI:El; kvbI; nzcr. lo;hbr.awr sRngmn(sRngucr,)szcrbKcr anrbqnr  @@ykWfX> OIe> UqfOjrd? Xrfr> OIe> UqfOjrd## szcranr no. gfv,gUYr:noyU,>

     

      (t) lgr:swrhinr aesv:g

             lgr:swrhinr aesv:gno. mI:dI;jqcr,j/nr:wnr:azgr,  gzcr:mU:lUcr mhv,ebv:tinnr.es smr.mI:d/cr:Wcr,nmr.nzcr mU,j Rinr,dv, mI:jbr:sT, dI;nv;pgr:dU d/cr:kwr;nzcr mU,jRinr,dv, nnr.gmr:lqwrywr.> dI;bo/jigr: lgr:swrhinrnnr. mKwr;y/mr: nnr mnr:awrh/cr;j/cr.sT,wo.noywr.> h/cr;j/cr.no. mKnrgnr dcr: anrmI:dI; scr,ksr.snnr.noywr.> gUYr:gv; y/mr:lqwr h/cr;j/cr.bo/lgr:swrhinrnnr. ho/gfv,mI:dI;lT szgr;hvycr:bo,hnr kJnr:noywr.>

              

          wdr.do/;himr:Wmr: budr.tgyv,

  wdr.jumr:mhv,ebv:ti mQnr:nqgr.mQnr: kzmr,mI,tI, (Mahabodhi Management Commitee)

         wdr.lcrno. mI:dI;jqcr,Wcr,wnr:dUgr:nzgr;hUwr. gzcr:mU:lUcr mhv,ebv:tinnr.yU,ywr.> jumr:mhv,ebv:ti mQnr:nqgr.mQnr: kzmr,mI, tI,no. bqnrjumr:dv,edgQdr,EkbT.bv: lumr:lv:dUYr:tJcr gzcr:mU: lUcrmhv,ebv:tinnr.ywr.> jumr:no. bqnrlUcrbzcrjJcr; nT:bI,hv, aznrkzdr,pzdr;mv:wo. mKwr;bI 1949 nnr.noyU,ywr.>

 

  wdr.dibQdr. (Tibetan Temple)

         ebv:lugr.awrdI; wdr.mhv,ebv:ti mQnr:nqgr.mQnr:es lUcr:mv:d/cr:dUgr:tQcr; gomzgr; 100 mI,tKwr,no.jJcr edmv:Yv: wdr. lUcrdI.bQdr. j/wr:budr.mhv,ynnnr.yU,> wdr.no. munrjwr; lv:mv: gmr,bUwr,YwQcr, sQmr:tQnr: (Kampo-Ngawang Samten) mv:egv,s/cr;wo. mKwr;bI 1934 nnr.yU,> wdr.no.egv; yT,wo.d/nr, d/nr,es ebv:k/wr:kwrwo;Cpv:mv: munrjwr;kwr aznrgnrmv:lJwr; swr: dI;no;d/cr:nmryU,>

 

  wdr.mhv,ebv:ti sUwr,so.tI, (Mahabodhi Society)

           ebv:lugr.dI;nnr;es sJbr,lUcr:mv:tQcr;d/cr:j/nr: wdr. anrjbr:sT, wdr.dibQdr.kwrnnr. bqnrwdr.mhv,ebv:ti sUwr,so. tI, anrjwr;anv,gv,Rig tmr,mbv,l (j/wr:kKwr:lcr:gv) aznr hUwrmv:pzdr;wo. mKwr;bI 1891 nnr.yU,> wdr.anrmI:do/;dI; budr.t gyv,no. wdr.no av,yumnr:hJcresbKnr; lo;hU.ncr,noyU,> jwr; anv,gv,Rig tmr,mbv,lno. bqnrpU;mI:d/cr:hdr:h/nr k/mr,y/br, k/mr,yqnr:Ed.Ed.wv;wv;es mv:kdr:jTawrkJnr: gzcr:mU:lUcrmhv, ebv:ti mKwr;mnr:dUgr:gfv, nT:mJwr:gUnr:j/wr:hinr,dU,kwrr mKwr;bUnr. mv: bIbzcr:b/gr,bo/nnr.ywr.> k/wr:y/mr:mnr:mv:kdr:jT dv,H;lo; kJnr: nv;linrtzdr;mQdr; budr.tgyv,no. mnr:lo;kdr:jTmv: dv,k/wr:y/mr: s/wr:bIbo/bo/no.noyU,>   

           ebv:lugr.awrdI;nnr; sJbr,lUcr:mv:tQcr; d/cr:dUgr:jJcr d/cr:po/,kfvmJwr: dI;d/cr:dUgr:hUcr:lQmr: mhv,ynnnr. edmv:hnr tQcr; wdr.dibQdr.< sJbr,esnnr. edlo;mv:hnr wdr.j/wr: budr.mKcr:ek, anrEnh/cr;p/cr lo/:mJwr:bo/:mznr:kwrwo.nnr.yU,> wdr.lcrno. munrjwr;ek, sI,diicr,kLQnr, (Sitingchen) mv:egv, s/cr;wo. mKwr;bI 1945 nnr.noywr.> ebv:lugr.awrdI;nnr; kwr;gfv, d/cr:lcrwdr.ek,kwrnnr.smr. edlo;hnrtQcr; wdr.j/wr:budr. mKcr:to,w/nr,kwrtQcr;yU,> lKwresnnr. anrmI:god/cr:lUcr wdr. do:kmr:dI;< wdr.wQdr.n/mr: anramr,lo; dzgr:jJwr;dzgr:sqcrmnr: egv; gJdr:wo.dcr:nmrEd.Ed.> wdr.j/wr:budr. gU;kKwr:kKwr: jqmr wdr.aznr,wdr.lUcr anrmI:do/;dI;himr:Wmr: budr.tgyv,no. ed amr,yzmr:mzgr; 30 lcrbo/bo/no.> wdr.mKcr:m/nr;egv; wdr.m/nr;szcr wdr.< wdr.RkQcr,szcrwdr.< aigr,bv:wdr.do: kU:wv:wunr.jumr.es mI: gfv,hv;wdr.no.ywr.> wdr.mKcr:to:egv; mI:sI,wdr.> lKwresnnr. wdr.dibQdr.egv; amr,dQmr,mzgr; jqdr:wdr.no.ncr,gwr,> wdr. wQdr.n/mr:egv; mI:szcrs/mrwdr.no.yU,> lKwresnnr. mI:jqmr wdr.bcr:glv:dQdr.< gmr,ebv:dI:yv: jqmrjKwr:no.lTyU,> yznr. nnrEl; nv;linrtzdr;mQdr; budr.tgyv,no. scrwv;nv; linrmKcr:j/wr:budr. gU;kKwr:kKwr:noegv; eddUgr:mQnr;yU,> Ed,awr no.gfv, eddKwr:lKwrmv:tQcr;digr:digr: yznr.bKwr; gUnr:j/wr:budr. dUwr;lUgr;aznrgnrmv:lqbr;hqnr:< mv:wo;Cpv:es hvwo.nv;linr hcr: pThcr:mnr:nnr.ywr.>

           dI;anrlIlqbr;hqnr:Ed. ebv:sJbr,lUcr:mv:tQcr; jzmr: sqnr;d/cr:lUcrnnr.digr:digr: edmv:hnrwdr.to: anrmv:bUgr: dcr; mKwr;bI 1957 anrhqdr:dI;mo/dI;dzcr: budr.tjynrdi bI sv,snv,tUnr; 2500 mKwr;b/nrjwhv|Uwr,lr en,|U: (Jawaharlal Nehru) pidr;mzgr, lUcrbzcrjJcr;to:es bnrnv;linr mv:egv, s/cr;wo.nnr.yU,> wdr.no. bqnrkunrehvkmr:aznrhUwrn/mr:nv; es mv:egv,s/cr;wo.> wdr.no.egv; mo/gJmr:tUnr;tJcr hv;sibr:bIkwr hqdr:s/cr;ywr.gfv, mKwr;bIgo/nnr.ywr.> wdr.no. yznr.mnr:mI: jbr:sqnr;d/cr:lUcrwo.El; bqnrwdr.anrkJgr.kmr, gf/cr;kf/crh/cr; lI azgr,h/cr;azgr,p/cr wdr.mKcr:to:lIlIwo.yU,>       

           ebv:lugr.awr dI;wdr.to:es sJbr,mv:d/cr:j/nr: nKwr sqnr;d/cr:po/,so/.mJwr: dI;jqcr,d/cr:nnr. edlo;hnrwdr. aznr, nv;linrgf/cr;gf/cr; dznr;dv,gUnr:j/wr:budr. mKcr:bcr:glv: dQdr.kwrnnr.yU,> sJbr,esnnr. mv:tQcr;aidr:nJcr;jJcr ed lo;mv:hnrwdr. mhv,azcr,emL, j/wr:budr.kKwr:RkQcr,kwrlcrnJcr;> wdr.no.egv; gUnr:wo;Cpv:kwr  aznrgnrmv:lJwr;mv:swr:lo;yU,> wdr.anrmI:d/cr:j/nr: wdr.bcr:glv:dQdr. anrmI:d/cr:azgr, wdr.RkQcr,kwrnnr. smr.bqnrwdr.j/wr:budr. kKwr:nI,ebv:kwr mv: egv,s/cr;wo.yU,ywr.> lugr.awrdI;wdr.RkQcr,kwres mv:d/cr: j/nr:tQcr; dI;d/cr:azgr,hUcr:lQmr: sujv,dv,nnr. smr.mI:wdr. do:kU:wv:wunr:jumr. budr.tgyv, anrmv:egv,s/cr;mT,wo. mKwr;bI 2006.8.25 nnr.yU,> wdr.no. yznr.bKwr;jwr;kU:wv:wunr.jumr. mI: yKcr:a/nr:es mv:aznregv,s/cr;wo.El; d/cr,jJwr;wv; wdr.do: kU:wv:wunr.jumr. budr.tgyv,noyU,ywr.> mKwr;Ed,gKdr,azgr,bo/: wUnr. dv,edmv:egv,s/cr;wdr.no.Ed. bqnrmKwr;jwr;kU:wv:wunr: jumr.El; jwr;Csv,Yv,nwR gqcr:ducr mv:wo;Cpv:mKcr:ainr:dI:yv: hUbr.Yv:gnr dI;wqcr:bv,RnsI, mKwr;bI 1996 nnr.es jcr,bqnrmv: yU,> dI;gf/cr;mnr:Ed. lqbr;hqnr:dUYr: nT:bbr.k/wr:d/cr:sI,hUwr, mo/ 8 bI 2006 nnr.egv; edhU.lIlIyU,> wdr.no. yKcr:a/nr: H;bqnr dI;gUnr:j/wr:budr. bI;nzcr.do:El; aigr,lUYr;gUnr:j/wr: budr. gU;j/wr:kKwr: mv:lJwr;mv:swr: jUwr;y/mr:mv:wo;mv:sv nv;linr tzdr;mQdr; dI;budr.tjwr; hU.hnrlQcr:tmr: aigr,lUYr; dI;linr tzdr;mQdr; smr,ew,jnI,ysI,dI; anrmI:nT:mKcr:ainr:dI:yv: no.lTyU,>

            dI;nv;wdr.to:nnr.ncr,gwr, ebv:sJbr,mv:tQcr;d/cr: j/nr: po/,kfvmJwr: dI;amr,ebv:jmrebv:gonnr. edlo;mv:hnr wdr.lUcrj/wr:budr. mKcr:bU,d/nr,tQcr;yU,> nv;linrwdr.nnr. bqnrlUcrbzcrjJcr; mKcr:ainr:dI:yv: egv.lU,wo.ncr,gwr,> wdr.no. egv; bqnrwdr.yT,wdr.lUcr h/cr;lIwo.es bqnrdI;lIlqbr;hqnr: gqwr,lUYr;lo/:mJwr:bo/:mznr: gUnr:j/wr:budr. mKcr:bU,d/nr,kwrnnr. Ed.Ed.> ebv:sJbr,esnnr.mv:tQcr; d/cr:j/nr:smr. edlo; mv:hnr wdr.lUcrDo,dUwr,gLVwr, j/wr:budr.mKcr:gLb/nr, anrnv; linrgf/cr;gf/cr;lUcrnnr.tQcr;> nv;linrwdr.no.egv; bqnrlUcrbzcr jJcr; mKcr:ainr:dI:yv: egv.jQgr,bnr H;egv,s/cr;mv:wdr.noncr, gwr,>  wdr.lcrno. hqdr:b/cry/dr,nmr. lU,d/nr:gfv, mKwr;wnr:ti 13.2.1983 nnr.yU,ywr.> wdr.no.egv; bqnrwdr.yT,wdr.lUcr bqnrwdr.anrlIlqbr;hqnr: Ficr;bo/:mznr: mKcr:gLb/nr,kwrnnr. yU,> wdr.jKwr:no. jzmr:ncr,Ficr; h/cr;p/crwdr. mKcr:lTmKcr: nnr.mI:nnr. edlo;hnrjKwr:no. Enlgr:t/nrmnr:wo. hcr: pThcr:mnr:yU,>

           ebv:lugr.awrdI;nnr; gfv,d/cr:jqcr,j/nr:wnr:dUgr:jJcr edlo;gfv,hnr hunr,h/cr;Cpv:bqnrjwr;ncr; anryT,yT,sucrsucr nnr.yU,> hunr,h/cr;Cpv:bqnrjwr;dUnrno. d/cr:sucrmnr:mI: 80 tdr:es lo;hU.wv; nT:mKcr:ainr:dI:yv:no. dUnrno.yT,esbKnr; wv;noyU,> hunr,h/cr;no. bqnrh/cr;p/cr Cpv:mKcr:gLb/nr,wo.es anr mv:Em:h/cr;kKcr;Ed. bqnrjumr:bo/:mznr:kwr wqcr:glgdr.dv:wv;no ywr.> d/cr:nT:mnr:Ed. awrlinry/crkznr,kRidr.egv,s/cr;wo. es smr.tv,bnv,wo.Cpv:aznr, mzgr;szcrmJnrbo/bo/no.noywr.> jzmr:kQbr,k/cr;mnr:jwr;smr. hqdr:hunr,h/cr;sv,wgmnr:jwr; jKwr: anrmI:jJwr;mI:sqcr mKnrncr,jwr;sv,Ribudr.d< jwr;mhv,mzgr.g lv,n< jwr;mhv,gsr.sb< jwr;annr,dv,< jwr;anu|udr.tv, jqmrjKwr:no. dcr:mUdr:edmI:mzgr; 28 dUnrno. jugr:eslzmr.Wbr; wo.> b/cry/dr,nmr.lU,d/nr:mnr: munrjwr;lUcrdibQdr. dlo: lv:mv: (His Holyness the Dalai Lama) mv:aznrbJdr,gfv, mKwr; 18.11.1989 nnr.noyU,ywr.>

           ebv:sJbr,dI;nnr;es mv:tQcr;d/cr:Wcr, po/,so/.mJwr: nnr. edmI:tQcr;wdr. munrjwr;dibQdr.< sJbr,esnnr.mv:tQcr; d/nr,d/nr, edmv:hnr wdr.scr,kjwr; mKcr:ainr:dI:yv: anr Wcr.wv; eav:ainr:dI:yv:pigr.ku (All India Bhikkhu San gha) no dI;himr:sqnr;d/cr: jmrsudr:nnr.yU,> lKwresnnr. ebv:lugr. awrjzmr:d/cr:lUcr mv:jU:jnr.jzmrmv,gt d/cr:dUgr:po/,d/cr: j/nr:d/cr:nnr. edlo;hnrtQcr; wdr.d/cr:nmryU,< wdr.scr, klugr;hqnr:mKcr:m/nr;kwregv; mI:d/cr:no. dJgr.egv,s/cr;mv: mKwr; nT:bI 2006 no.ncr,gwr,> po/,d/cr:Wcr,d/cr:nnr.egv; edmI: tQcr; wdr.mhv,ebv:ti j/wr:kKwr:RkQcr, anrlcryT,yT, anrmI: s/mrjnr. jQnr,gnrwo.s/mrsI,lcrnnr.yU,> wdr.noegv; gUnr: wo;Cpv:kwr mv:lJwr;swr:lo;yU,> wdr.no.egv; y/dr,nmr.kfmr;dwr; mnr;gfv, mKwr;bI 2005 nnr.yU,> lKwresnnr. edmI:tQcr; wdr. dibQdr.< wdr.wQdr.n/mr: jqmrjKwr:no.tQcr; d/cr:nmrEd.Ed.>

            

  wdr.m/nr;

           wdr.m/nr;smr. mI:d/cr:Wcr,gzcr:mU:lUcr mhv,ebv:ti mzgr; 1 gI,lUwr,mI,tKwr,no.es mI:jzmr:sqnr;d/cr:gfv, wqcr:gyv,< smr. mI:po/,d/cr:dUgr:kUwr Em;nmr.en,RYr,jRv,nnr.yU,> wdr.no. munrjwr;nnr,dmv,lv, mv:aznr,egv,dcr;wo. mKwr;bI 1936 nnr. noywr.> ebv:k/wr:wo;Cpv:mv: bqnrdI;gUnr:wo;Cpv:kwr mv:lJwr;mv: swr:lcrnJcr;ywr.>

 

dI;lIlqbr;hqnr: himr:Wmr:budr.tgyv,

tmr;budr.tjwr; dJwr:gmrdugrgRjRiyv, (Bragbodhi cave)

        lzoanrmI:tmr; dI;budr.tjwr; dJwr:gmrdugrgRjRiyv, no. mI:jqcr,Wcr,wnr:azgr, gobudr.tgyv, mzgr; 3 lgr:no.yU,> lzo no.kwrWcr.wv; ducrgQdr.sLrwv,RI,(Dungeshwari) noywr.> dI;no; pU;Enlgr:t/nrwv; @dI;no; mKwr;nv;budr.tjwr; bo,gfv,nT: tKnr, auluewRnnr. bqnrdI;budr.tjwr; y/mr;dJwr:gmr dugrgR jRiyvmv: hUgr:bI# nonnr. bqnrkicr:k/nr,nicr,gmr, gUnr:j/wr:kKwr: aicr:gidr.ncr,gwr,> anrmnr:Enlgr:t/nrmnr:lo;Ed. dI; g/crlzod/cr:j/nr: anredv,nv;gnrdcr: nmr.bv,lrgU, (en, RYrjRv,)nnr. yznr.mI:Wo:cKbr,tmr; anrgf/cr;mI:sI,judr,sibr: (4’ 10’’)wo.< d/cr:kwr;mnr:smr. mI:tJcrs/mrjudr,szcr (3’ 2’’ ) wo. es lQbr;bqnrdI; Wo:budr.tjwr; y/mr;yU,swr:mv:wo.noywr.> anrbqnrmunrjwr;ek,Fv.hL/nr, (Fa Hian) mv:tJcrdI;no; mKwr; 5 ea,DI,< hU:wicr:sQcr (Hiuen Tsang) mv:el, mKwr; 7 ea,DI, nnr.egv; kwrwv;bqnrdI;no;ncr,gwr,noywr.> tmr;anrmI:d/cr: j/nr: anrd/cr:sucr mI:(2’ 7’’) d/cr:gf/cr;mnr: mI: (1’ 7’’) nnr. smr.lQbr;bqnrdI; tv,bnv,wo.Cpv:bqnrjwr;noyU,ywr.>

        

         hKnr:gwr, n/cr:sujv,dv, anrlU,kwr;nmr.nUmr:

        dI;hKnr:gwr,n/cr:sujv,dv,smr. mI:po/,azgr,Em;nmr. en,RYr,jRv,nnr.es anrno.smr. bqnrjumr:kUnr.kfv.bo/: mznr: mKcr:ainr:dI:yv:kwr szgr;hvhnres mgr:mnr;wo.nnr. ywr.> dI;no; kwrWcr.wv; sujv,dv,gudi< sujv,dv,kv:Rr< sujv, dv,kuYr,lv, nos/mrmqwr:wo.ywr.> n/cr:sujv,dv,no. bqnrlugr; yicr:bU,g/cr.nT:w/nr;nnr.es bqnregv.anrlU, kwr;nmr.nUmr: Cpv:bqnrjwr; wo/:esdJwr:gmr dugrgRjRiyv,hUgr:bIywr. jmred bqnrCpv:mv:nnr.ywr.> dI;no; y/mr:lqwr mKnrh/cr;gzcr:mU:budr: lUcrwo. d/cr:sucrmnr:mI:mzgr; 11 mI,tKwr,< d/cr:gf/cr;mnr:mI:mzgr; 65.50 mI,tKwr,no.ywr.> 

dI;n/cr:sujv,dv, lU,kwr;nmr.nUmr:smr. ebv:lugr.awr dI;hKnr:gwr, n/cr:sujv,dv,nnr.es gfv,tQcr;d/cr:azgr,digr: digr: dI;amr,ebv:jmrebv:gonnr. edmI:wdr.hinr,dU,kwrlcr nJcr;yU,> anrhqdr:wo. dI;mo/dzcr: n/cr:sujv,dv, lU,kwr;nmr. nUmr:smr. mI:dI;jqcr,Wcr,wnr:azgr, jbr:wo.dI;wdr.hinr,dU,kwr nnr.ywr.> dI;no; mI:wo.h/cr;mnr:szcranr< anrd/cr:azgr, bqnrgUnr:mKcr:m/nr; mv:hqdr:wo.es anrd/cr:dUgr:smr. smr.bqnr gUnr:mKcr:no. hqdr:wo.nnr.yU,> hunr,h/cr;no. kwrawrlinry/cr hqdr:wo.>

           dI;budr.tjwr; awrgzgr:kmr: tJmr;kwr;nT:nmr. en,RYr, jRv,smr. scryU, dI;n/cr:sujv,dv, lU,kwr;nmr.nUmr:nnr. es mucr;dUYr:gfv,jqcr,Wcr,wnr:azgr,nnr. edlo;hnrhunr,h/cr; budr.tjwr; anrjugr:wo:nT:wdr.aznr, anrnJcr;yU,> dI; nnr; kwrhqdr:dI;mo/dzcr:wv; bqnrdI;munrsQcrkmr:Cpv:bqnrjwr; awrgzgr:kmr: kwr;nmr.nUmr:nnr. tJmr;kwr;nT:nmr. en,RYr,j Rv,es dKcr,gwr,wv; @scrwv; gwredbqnrCpv:yU,Ed.Ed. ebv:no jJcr gzgr:kmr:no. H;mnr:lzcr;kJnr; d/cr:nKwresgmr:# nonnr. yU,>  

           dI;jo/:sudr.tiy awryv;pQdr;bQdr,mdr. lU,Cpv:bqnr jwr;smr. ebv:lugr.awrdI;hUwrkUwr Em;nmr.en,RYr,jRv, po/, d/cr:azgr,es gfv,jzmr:d/cr:lUcr d/cr:j/nr:nnr.digr:digr:jJcr edlo;hnr wdr.aznr,lcrnJcr;yU,> dI;nnr; kwrhqdr:wo.bv: hunr,h/cr;mnr:es mgr:mo/wv; dI;nnr;bqnr dI;jo/:sudr.tiy awryv;pQdr;bQdr,mdr.d/nr:tJcr budr.tjwr;noywr.> yv;pQdr; bQdr,mdr.nnr. mKwr;mnr:jwr;bqnrCpv:mv: awryqnr:bqnr bnr, l/cr,hUcr:sQcrgfv,noywr.>

 

  ehvgwr, mh/nr. (Mahant’s Palace)

         ebv:lugr.awrdI; gzcr:mU:lUcr mhv,ebv:ties lUcr:gfv,d/cr: azgr, sJbr,gfv,jzmr:sqnr;d/cr:gfv, wqcr:gyv,nnr.jJcr amr,hJcr amr,n/nr: edlo;hnr h/cr;ehvgwr,mh/nr. anrwv;nnr.yU,> ehvgwr,no. nv;linrmnr:y/wr:lUcrwo. jzmr:pcr,nmr. en,RYr, jRv,nnr.es dI;jqcr,d/cr:j/nr: nT:nnr. smr.edlo;hnr svlv:szcranr  anrhqdr:wo.dI;lJwr;swr: gUnr:kunrminr:dUcr: anrmv:lumr:lv: Cpv:mKwr;nnr. mv:lJwr;swr:nnr.yU,> h/cr;ehv no. lQbr;bqnrh/cr;ehvgwr, j/wr:kKwr:hinr,dU,kwr mKwr;b/nrbudr.t gyv, bo,hKcr:nnr.noywr.>  

 

  Em;nmr. en,RYr,jRv,

         Em;nmr.en,RYr,jRv,no. lomv:d/cr:azgr, gzcr:mU:lUcr mhv,ebv:tinnr.es gUnr:mKcr:no. Wcr.wv;nmr.pv:gU,noywr.> ebv:k/wr:hJwr.Ed. nmr.ebv:dqmreg:wo.noesd ebv:k/wr:hQcr;Ed. edv.logUYr:es bqnrgunrh/dr,so/:lUcrwo.yU,> Em;nmr.no. ebv: yU,dI; budr.tgyv,eswv; mI:nT:Eg;g/cr gzcr:mU:lUcrmhv,ebv:ti El; w/nr;n/cr:sujv,dv,kwrwo.yU,> tKnr,auluewR anrwv; no.egv; bqnrnT:tKnr, jzmr:himr:Wmr: jKwr:budr.tgyv,no.yU, ywr.> mKwr;b/nrCpv: bqnrjwr;nnr.Ed. jzmr:ncr,lo;cinr:wv; @tKnr,lUcrauluew,R# no.nnr. jKwr:no.mnr:lQbr; bqnrtKnr, yT,tKnr,lUcr wo.Ed.Ed.yU,> smr.edmI: lzcr;gdr:gdr:yqnr yqnr bqnrtKnr,gunrh/dr,so/:wo.es jzmr:himr:Wmr:mnr: smr.ed mI:w/nr;gUnr: wo.d/nr,d/nr,nnr.yU,> yznr.nnrEl; jcr,wv; jwr;Res:kwr< pU;hqdr:g/nrncr;smv,ti dJwr:gmrtmr,mkwr bv: jqmrbudr.tjwr; jcr,mv:yU,swr:dnr:hqcr:jKwr:no.es hqdr: g/nrsmv,ti szgr;hvtmr,mkwrjwr;yU,> 

ꨁꨤဝ္ꨲငꨤဝ္းလီ ပုတ္ꨵထꨀယꨣꨲ

ꨡမ္ꨲꨟိုင္ꨡမ္ꨲꨓꨤꨓ္း ေတꨡဝ္ တꨤင္းꨟူꨵတꨤင္းꨟꨓ္ ꨡꨓ္ꨀꨰဝ္ꨲꨀပ္း ꨁꨤဝ္းတꨤင္းပုတ္ꨵထꨀယꨣꨲ ေသ ꨀပ္းသိုပ္ꨲ မိုတ္ꨳꨅူးပီꨳပီꨳꨓြင္ꨵꨟဝ္းꨁဝ္ꨀꨮꨣꨲꨓင္ꨳတ္ꨮꨳꨓꨯꨵေꨡꨣꨳ။

꨼ꨵ သူꨓ္သူိဝ္းလုမ္ပိꨓီ တီꨳပုတ္ꨵထꨅဝ္ꨳꨀိူတ္ꨲꨟꨓ္ꨓꨣꨳꨬမꨳ
꨽ꨵ ပုတ္ꨲထꨀယꨣꨲ တီꨳပုတ္ꨵထꨅဝ္ꨳ ပꨱꨓ္ၾꨕꨣး တ္ꨮꨳတူꨓ္ꨳေပꨣးထိ
꨾ꨵ လူင္တိုင္မိꨀတꨣꨲဝူꨓ္ꨲ မိူင္းပရꨣꨲꨓꨣꨲသီꨲ တီꨳပုတ္ꨵထꨅဝ္ꨳေꨟꨣး ၾတꨣးꨟူဝ္ပိုင္း ထမ္မꨅꨀ်ꨣꨲ
꨿ꨵ ꨀုသိꨓꨣရူင္ꨲ တီꨳပုတ္ꨵထꨅဝ္ꨳꨟဝ္း ꨡဝ္ပရိꨓိပ္ꨵပꨤꨓ္ꨲ
   ꨬလꨳ ꨡြင္ꨳတီꨳꨀိုꨀ္းပိုꨓ္း ပုတ္ꨵထꨅဝ္ꨳꨟဝ္းꨅိူဝ္းꨓꨓ္ꨵေꨡꨣꨳ။

BUDDHIST PILGRIMAGE

Lord Buddha has stated in Mahaparinibbana Sutta, delivered by him in Kushinagar that
(1). The place where he was born i.e. Lumbini
(2). The place where he attained the enlightenment i.e. Buddhagaya
(3). The place where he delivered the first sermon i.e. Sarnath and
(4). The place where he entered into Mahaparinirvana i.e. Kushinagar. are places which can bring about feelings of religious awe & repentance & are therefore worthy places of pilgrimage for those who believe in Him

ပꨤင္ၾတꨣးဝိပသ္သꨓꨣꨲ ထုင္ꨵလိꨓ္ပꨣးထိꨁမ္း ပုတ္ꨵထꨀယꨣꨲ

ꨟူမ္ꨅူမ္း ꨡဝ္ပꨱꨓ္ꨀုသူဝ္ꨲꨅြမ္းꨟဝ္းꨓꨣꨲ~

တင္ꨳꨡဝ္ 15 February ထိုင္ 24 February 2012 ꨓꨯꨵ တီꨳဝတ္ꨵတꨯးꨁူးဝꨣꨳဝုꨓ္းꨅုမ္ꨵ ပုတ္ꨵထꨀယꨣꨲ ꨟဝ္း တိုꨀ္ꨵꨅတ္းꨟꨱတ္း ပꨤင္ၾတꨣးဝိပသ္သꨓꨣꨲ (꨼꨻) ဝꨓ္းယူꨲေꨡꨣꨳ၊ ꨅဝ္ꨳꨬꨓၾတꨣးꨬတꨵ ပꨱꨓ္ꨅဝ္ꨳၾသꨣꨲသုꨁမ္း ေသ ꨀူꨓ္းမꨣးꨁဝ္ꨀꨤꨓ္ၾတꨣးꨬတꨵ ပꨱꨓ္ပီꨳꨓြင္ꨵတꨯးꨕꨣေꨀး မိူင္းꨡꨣꨲသမ္ꨲ ꨓ္ꨮးမိူင္းꨡိꨓ္ꨲတိယ ꨓꨯꨵေꨡꨣꨳ။

ပꨱꨓ္ပꨤင္ၾတꨣးꨕိသꨰတ္ꨲ တꨣꨲပီꨳꨓြင္ꨵတꨯးꨕꨣေꨀး ꨬလꨳ ပြꨀ္ꨳꨡြꨓ္တꨤင္းသုတ္းတꨣꨲꨁဝ္ယဝ္ꨵ။
ပꨤင္ၾတꨣး သြင္ပီꨳꨓြင္ꨵတꨯးꨟူပ္ꨵထူပ္းꨀꨓ္ꨓꨯေꨀꨣꨳဝꨣꨳလꨯꨳယဝ္ꨵ

ꨡမ္ꨲလꨯꨳမꨣးꨁဝ္ꨅြမ္းꨟဝ္းေꨀꨣꨳ ꨡမ္ꨲပꨱꨓ္သင္ꨓꨣꨲ လူꨁꨤဝ္ꨲꨡꨓ္ꨓꨯယဝ္ꨵ ꨟူမ္ꨅူမ္းꨀူꨉ္းေꨀꨣꨳ ꨀုသူဝ္ꨲေတတိူဝ္းမꨣးယူꨲ တီꨳတူဝ္သူꨅဝ္ꨳ~

သင္ꨁတꨯး ထုင္ꨵလိꨓ္ေပꨣးထိꨁမ္း
ပုတ္ꨵထꨀယꨣꨲ